Understanding the role of agricultural science, Historical development and significance, Study of plant anatomy and physiology, Crop types, classifications, and their characteristics, Soil composition, properties, and types, Soil fertility, nutrients, and management, Fundamentals of crop cultivation and management, Planting, spacing, and propagation methods, Identification and control of pests and diseases, Integrated pest management (IPM) techniques, Introduction to modern agricultural technologies, Use of machinery and precision farming,,